Tesla, Inc.

Overview

Tesla, Inc. is an AI-enabled mobility and energy company organized into two reportable segments: Automotive and Energy Generation and Storage. The company combines electric vehicles with AI-driven software and fleet services, and its stated mission is building a world of amazing abundance.

Corporate structure

• Two reportable segments:
  • Automotive
  • Energy Generation and Storage

Automotive

• Design, development, manufacturing, sales, and leasing of high-performance fully electric vehicles.
• Vehicle lineup: Model 3, Model Y, Model S, Model X, Cybertruck.
• Other vehicle programs: Tesla Semi (production began in 2022).
• Robotaxi autonomous ride-hailing platform launched in June 2025; currently operates with Model Y and is planned to expand to Cybercab (a purpose-built autonomous vehicle).
• Services and other revenue streams: used vehicle sales, non-warranty maintenance, collision services, paid Supercharging sessions, automotive insurance, parts and retail merchandise.
• Sale of automotive regulatory credits to other regulated entities.
• Direct-to-consumer sales model via website and company-owned stores, with galleries in some markets; global sales channel strategy is periodically reevaluated.

Energy Generation and Storage

• Energy storage products: Powerwall (residential/small commercial, sale or lease) and Megapack (commercial and utility-scale).
• Energy generation products: solar panels and Solar Roof, designed to integrate with Powerwall.
• Software and control platforms:
  • Autobidder (Megapack) for energy storage optimization.
  • Powerhub (Powerwall and distributed energy resources).
• Energy generation systems include residential retrofit solar panel deployments and ongoing Solar Roof installations.
• Customers: residential, commercial, industrial, and utility customers served through direct sales and channel partners.
• Supercharger for Business program enables third parties to install and price charging hardware while Tesla provides software, network operations, and support.

Technology and product development

• In-house software and control systems for vehicle control, infotainment, charging, and over-the-air updates.
• Proprietary neural network training and AI applied across vehicles, robots (Optimus), and energy software.
• Proprietary battery technology and energy systems with in-house cell and battery development ambitions.
• Infrastructure for AI compute includes Cortex training cluster expansion at Gigafactory Texas and collaboration with Samsung on advanced semiconductors for AI inference and training; Cortex 2 expansion planned at Gigafactory Texas.
• Ramp plans include six new production lines across vehicle, Bots, energy storage, and battery manufacturing planned for 2026.

Manufacturing and facilities

• Primary manufacturing facilities (owned or leased):
  • Gigafactory Texas — Austin, Texas (Owned)
  • Fremont Factory — Fremont, California (Owned)
  • Gigafactory Nevada — Sparks, Nevada (Owned)
  • Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg — Grünheide, Germany (Owned)
  • Gigafactory Shanghai — Shanghai, China (Owned)
  • Megafactory Shanghai — Shanghai, China (Owned)
  • Gigafactory New York — Buffalo, New York (Leased)
  • Megafactory Lathrop — Lathrop, California (Leased)
• Some land use rights are treated as operating lease right-of-use assets.
• In-house lithium refinery in Texas began operations in January 2026 as part of vertical integration.

Customers and market approach

• Direct sales to customers in most markets; minimal use of independent dealer networks.
• Growing global Supercharger network and partnerships for charging solutions.
• Energy products targeted at residential, commercial, industrial, and utility markets.

People and culture (as of 12/31/2025)

• Global employee headcount: 134,785.
• 29,000 employees advanced their careers in 2025; 69% of managers promoted internally.
• 92% of employees included in total rewards packages.
• Employee development programs: internships, military fellowships, Manufacturing/Engineering Development Programs, Apprenticeships, START training, and education assistance for approximately 7,000 learners.
• Regional programs include Shanghai/APAC, Berlin/EMEA, FlexLearn, and Dual Study programs.
• Emphasis on safety, non-discrimination, recognition, and equity-based compensation.
• Pulse survey participation: 86% global participation.
• U.S. veteran and disability statistics: 2.2% veterans/active-duty; 3.5% individuals with disabilities; 1.1% veterans with disabilities.
• The Compensation Committee oversees human capital strategy and engagement with management on people-related initiatives.

Financial highlights

• Outstanding debt: $8.18 billion as of December 31, 2025.
• The company describes capital-intensive growth and potential need for additional funding, with exposure to currency fluctuations and other financial risks.

Insurance, warranty, and risk management

• Manufacturer’s warranties on new and used vehicles and on energy generation and storage systems; some third-party component warranties are passed through.
• Warranty reserves are estimates and subject to change.
• Insurance coverage may be limited, with the potential for uninsured losses.
• Ongoing regulatory, safety, and product liability obligations, including potential recalls.

Regulatory and geopolitical context

• Operations are subject to global regulatory regimes covering vehicle safety, emissions, autonomous driving, data privacy, cybersecurity, tax incentives, and related areas.
• Tax credits, rebates, and regulatory credits affect demand and economics.
• Privacy and data protection laws, including GDPR and U.S. state laws, influence systems and operations.

Geographic and supply chain considerations

• Global manufacturing footprint with localization and supplier diversification strategies.
• Cell supply includes external suppliers (e.g., Panasonic, CATL) alongside plans to expand in-house cell production.
• Risks from raw material pricing and supply for lithium, nickel, copper, and other inputs.
• Plans to expand manufacturing capacity and localized production to reduce costs and improve supply resilience.

Strategic notes

• AI and autonomous capabilities are central to strategy, including Full Self-Driving (FSD), Robotaxi, and Optimus.
• Vertical integration efforts include in-house battery cell production and a Texas lithium refinery.
• Continuous over-the-air software updates and security considerations are integral to product maintenance and enhancements.

Public filings

• The company files annual reports (Form 10-K) and other SEC filings; the excerpt references consolidated financial statements and Note 13 (Commitments and Contingencies) for legal proceedings.